TQBTHEQUANTBATEMAN
TQB/ learn/ foundations/ bid ask and midEN · DARK
Foundationsfoundationmarket-note

Bid Ask and Mid

Separate executable sides from the midpoint used for analysis.

Reviewed 2026-08-10TheQuantBateman ResearchReading note
01Intuition

Build the mental model first.

Bid is where a buyer stands, ask is where a seller stands and mid is only their arithmetic centre. The spread is a cost and a liquidity signal.

ONE-LINE DEFINITION

Separate executable sides from the midpoint used for analysis.

02Mathematics

Now make it exact.

m=12(bid+ask),spread=askbidm=\tfrac12(bid+ask), \quad spread=ask-bid
Notation and units

Decimal rates and volatilities, year-fraction time and continuous compounding unless stated otherwise.

03Assumptions

Every model has a price.

01

Educational conventions are stated explicitly and may simplify market quotation or settlement details.

02

Rates are continuously compounded unless the section says otherwise.

03

Inputs are deterministic in the base model.

“An unstated convention is a future reconciliation break.”— THEQUANTBATEMAN
04Market use

Why a quant cares.

Quote validation, transaction-cost estimates, marking policy and model-versus-market comparisons.

IntuitionMathematicsImplementationDesk risk
05Desk view
FRONT OFFICE VIEW

The hedge has opinions.

Start with the quote convention, then ask which Foundations risk survives the hedge. A number without its convention is merely well-dressed ambiguity.

Ask Bateman about this model
06Related

Continue through the graph.